Using a range of country-level, technology-rich, energy-economy and integrated assessment models we present national low-emission scenarios in the above countries, including detailed representations of the energy, transport and land systems and insights on emissions, energy system and economic implications of low-emission pathways until 2050. We find that the low-emission pathways of most economies studied are consistent with pathways limiting global temperature increase to well-below 2 °C, while emission reductions are achieved through uptake of renewable energy, energy efficiency improvements and electrification of energy services. We demonstrate that the role of mitigation options like nuclear, carbon capture and storage (CCS) and advanced biofuels differs across countries and that reallocation of investments and affordability are two key drivers of the energy system transformation.
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